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    August 31

    多巴胺与爱情

    科学家用多巴胺来解释爱情。这就像经济学家用交易成本、配偶专有资本,咨询师用经营、技巧这些冰冷的专业词汇来击碎我们对爱的顶礼膜拜一样,让人感觉失望。
      多巴胺是什是一种神经传导物质,不仅能左右人们的行为,还参与情爱过程,激发人对异性情感的产生。
      大脑中心——丘脑是人的情爱中心,其间贮藏着丘比特之箭——多种神经递质,也称为恋爱兴奋剂,包括多巴胺,肾上腺素等。当一对男女一见钟情或经过多次了解产生爱慕之情时,丘脑中的多巴胺等神经递质就源源不断地分泌,势不可挡地汹涌而出。于是,我们就有了爱的感觉。
      在多巴胺的作用下,我们感觉爱的幸福。人们品尝巧克力时或瘾君子们在“腾云驾雾”时,所体验到的那种满足感,都是同样的机制在发生作用。幸好,我们的大脑能够区别彼此之间的不同。多巴胺好像一把能打开许多锁的万能钥匙,根据所处情景不同,在体内产生不同的反应。巧克力的气味、口味告诉大脑,我们正在吃东西;情侣的体味和香味提醒大脑,我们正在身陷爱中。
      多巴胺带来的“激情”,会给人一种错觉,以为爱可以永久狂热。不幸的是,我们的身体无法一直承受这种像古柯碱的成分刺激,也就是说,一个人不可能永远处于心跳过速的颠峰状态。所以大脑只好取消这种念头,让那些化学成分在自己的控制下自然地新陈代谢。这样一个过程,通常会持续一年半到3年。随着多巴胺的减少和消失,激情也由此变为平静。
      也许,科学家从理论上给爱无法长久找到了理由。可人毕竟是一种情感复杂的动物——他不同于其他动物的本质在于他的社会化过程,遵守规则、法律,承担责任、义务,成为文明社会的一员,尽可能地去掉动物原有的本性。
      这些,都决定了在多巴胺消失之后,爱情存在的理由。

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